But, you can also find medieval manuscripts containing histories, treatises, and poetry - even prayers and devotional writings - in native vernaculars such as medieval French, English, German, Dutch, Italian, and Spanish."ĪbeBooks: What is the oldest manuscript that Les Enluminures has handled? Latin is the language we find most often in medieval manuscripts, because it was the common language of the Church and of higher learning. Signatures, book plates, and other annotations within books themselves often have much to tell us about the 'life' of the manuscript.Ī breviary (a book containing text for worship) from Northern Italy, illuminated on vellum, dated 1456, offered for sale by Les Enluminures for $58,000.ĪbeBooks: Surely medieval manuscripts are written in Latin? It is rare to find a medieval manuscript with an unbroken chain of ownership. Sandra Hindman: "If a manuscript belonged to a monastery it often stayed there for centuries, if to an individual it passed by inheritance through generations of family members. The same is true now."ĪbeBooks: What typically happened to a medieval manuscript once the original owner died? If 'a picture is worth a thousand words,' some people who owned medieval manuscripts may have just admired them for their pretty pictures. Churchmen and women, royalty and aristocrats, but also, by the end of the Middle Ages, 'ordinary people,' like doctors, lawyers, teachers, and even merchants. Sandra Hindman: "More people than you think. Made to last, medieval manuscripts were treasured."ĪbeBooks: Who owned medieval manuscripts considering few people could read at this time? Stored shut within hefty bindings, the text and paintings of medieval manuscripts were well protected from the elements. The natural ingredients of the ink and pigments were mineral or vegetable products, resistant by their very composition to change. Sandra Hindman: "Parchment is a much more robust support than our modern paper. In places like Paris, Oxford, and Florence specialized professionals in the book trade (scribes, artists, binders, publishers) belonged to guilds and were paid for their work."Īn illuminated psalter (a book contained psalms) manuscript on parchment from Southern Germany circa 1240-1260 offered by Les Enluminures for $170,000ĪbeBooks: The medieval period spans from the 5th to 15th centuries - how is it possible that manuscripts from this period have survived so long? After around 1200 with the rise of towns and the growth of a money economy, production shifted to city centers. Before about the year 1200, medieval manuscripts were made in monasteries by monks and sometimes nuns, who were scribes and artists working in the service of God. Arranged in sequence, the gatherings were sewn, then threaded through channels in wooden boards, to make up the front and back covers of the binding.ĪbeBooks: We think of monks toiling away to make medieval manuscripts. Specially treated animal skins, or parchment, were cut, stacked, and folded in half to form 'gatherings.' After ruling, a scribe wrote the text, and artists decorated and illuminated the sheets. Sandra Hindman: "It wasn't easy to make a medieval manuscript. They are not printed."ĪbeBooks: What was the typical production process in creating a medieval manuscript? They are books written by hand (manu=hand scriptus=to write). AbeBooks posed a number of basic questions about medieval manuscripts and Sandra was kind enough to answer them.ĪbeBooks: What are medieval manuscripts? Should we think of them as books or something else? Professor Emerita of Art History at Northwestern University and owner of Les Enluminures, Sandra is author, co-author, or editor of more than 10 books, as well as numerous articles on history, illuminated manuscripts and medieval rings. Sandra Hindman is a leading expert on Medieval and Renaissance manuscript illumination.
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All other fluids are then measured, calibrated, and thus compared to. In the first approximation, the following formula is derived for water viscosity as a function of temperature and pressure: h h0 exp ap + fracE - bpR(T. Can you explain this answer? tests, examples and also practice Mechanical Engineering tests. Water at approximately 70F (21C) has an absolute viscosity of about one centipoise. Viscosity tends to fall as temperature increases (for example, water viscosity goes from 1.79 cP to 0.28 cP in the temperature range from 0 C to 100 C) see. Can you explain this answer? theory, EduRev gives you anĪmple number of questions to practice Kinematic viscosity of water in comparison to mercury is _.a)Higherb)Lowerc)Samed)Higher/lower depending on temperatureCorrect answer is option 'A'. Can you explain this answer? has been provided alongside types of Kinematic viscosity of water in comparison to mercury is _.a)Higherb)Lowerc)Samed)Higher/lower depending on temperatureCorrect answer is option 'A'. To date, most in vitro cell functional assays, including motility, are performed in medium with a viscosity close to that of water (0.7 centipoise (cP) at 37 ☌). Viscosity is the ratio of shear stress to shear rate, giving the traditional unit of dyn-s/cm 2 for Poise. The kinematic viscosity m2/s is the ratio between the dynamic viscosity Pa.s 1 kg/ms and the density of a fluid kg/m3. Can you explain this answer?, a detailed solution for Kinematic viscosity of water in comparison to mercury is _.a)Higherb)Lowerc)Samed)Higher/lower depending on temperatureCorrect answer is option 'A'. Drilling Fluids A unit of measurement for viscosity equivalent to one-hundredth of a poise and symbolized by cP. Kinematic viscosity of water in comparison to mercury is _.a)Higherb)Lowerc)Samed)Higher/lower depending on temperatureCorrect answer is option 'A'. Can you explain this answer? defined & explained in the simplest way possible. Then the mole fractions and viscosities of pure water and methanol were used to. Specific isobar heat capacity cp steam, specific isochor heat capacity cv steam, adiabatic exponent or isentropic exponent kappa steam, thermic conductivity steam, speed of sound steam.Here you can find the meaning of Kinematic viscosity of water in comparison to mercury is _.a)Higherb)Lowerc)Samed)Higher/lower depending on temperatureCorrect answer is option 'A'. Specific isobar heat capacity cp water, specific isochor heat capacity cv water, thermic conductivity water, speed of sound water.ĭensity steam, dynamic viscosity steam, kinematic viscosity steam, specific inner energy steam, specific enthalpy steam, specific entropy steam, Gas is an example of a fluid with low viscosity. The following thermodynamic properties are calculated:ĭensity water, dynamic viscosity water, kinematic viscosity water, specific inner energy water, specific enthalpy water, specific entropy water, Fluids, such as water and mercury, exhibit a drop in kinematic viscosity with an increase in temperature. Online calculation of properties of water and steamĮmail: scientific and engineering data onlineĬalculation of thermodynamic properties of water Pressure:Ĭalculation of thermodynamic properties of overheated steamĬalculation of thermodynamic properties of saturated steam Pressure: Viscosity is a measure of the resistance of a fluid to deformation at a given rate. Even more important for enterprises, it's all everyday web traffic, which saves you the extra security burden a dedicated new data channel would impose. The upside with both products is that apart from small utility downloads there's nothing cumbersome to install or wrangle – everything's done through your and your collaborators' browsers. The paid version of does all the above and allows the virtual meeting conveener to give out temporary screen control access to participants as he or she sees fit. The quality of voice calls, at the same time as screen sharing, will depend on the internet connection available to participants at both ends. They can now see you screen and a small suite of additional tools such as chat and voice call appears at the top of their browser window. It creates a web address (/yourname) and up to 255 colleagues can join sit in by keying it into their browser. To start an account you download an installer that enables screen sharing on your system. is about screen sharing rather than control, so you can run a virtual meeting and invite far-flung colleagues to watch what you're doing on your desktop. Access from an Android device is via the Ignition app. LogMeIn ranks 13th among Remote Desktop sites. Reviewers complaining about LogMeIn most frequently mention credit card, customer service, and auto renewal problems. The free version merely lets you manipulate the system remotely, but for the price of a client lunch, being able to completely control your office system from any other computer anywhere is priceless. LogMeIn has a rating of 1.64 stars from 184 reviews, indicating that most customers are generally dissatisfied with their purchases. There's a paid and a free version – the Pro (paid) service gives you more functionality including playing HD video, printing from the distant machine to your local printer, file transfer between the remote system and the one you're using and more. You now have the desktop of the remote computer or device in front of you, just as if you were sitting there. To access that machine, you use the LogMeIn website as a mediator: simply point your browser to it, log in and choose which machine you want to access if you've connected more than one. You begin by installing the small LogMeIn utility on any machine you want to control remotely. LogMeIn Pro: An outstanding remote access and administration tool, let down only by the high cost of scaling across multiple machines. So you can be at home on your PC, on the train on your iPad or (if you're dextrous enough and have good enough eyesight) on holiday on your mobile, accessing files on another machine. The first is LogMeIn, which gives you control of a remote device wherever you are. We've looked at two complementary products that claim to make distance communication, collaboration and troubleshooting fairly idiot-proof. We know than when it comes to screen-sharing and collaboration tools, they are a dime a dozen in the Skype age, and many are no-fuss add-ons to existing chat and video-conferencing technologies, so the question is: why would you consider paying for them? There are several specialist products like Zendesk (a customer tech support package) on the market, but the LogMeIn suite, like Citrix's GoToMeeting, is an all-purpose solution that combines functionalities you need in an enterprise environment with the ease of use of consumer products. Ubiquitous connectivity and modern desktop operating systems have made it more pleasant and easy. I have switched to Teamviewer for personal use when it no longer free but still have use the Pro version for business use Have to admit that connecting from a web interface instead of an installed client is the true convenience over TeamViewer (which still needs a client installation from where you initiate the remote connection) Connection speed is good without much lag (the lag is acceptable compare with other competitors) Although LogMeIn allows multiple connections to a single host but my usage is mainly one to one support, therefore, I am not taking advantage of this feature.If you haven't thought about remote system access and control for your organisation lately, things have moved on. I have used LogMeIn for personal use since Free version still exist. It would be better if it can re-offer free version for personal use PROS Overall it is a decent product and price is right for small licenses needed. Its flexibility and adaptability make 3D Maze ScreenSaver a must-have for fans of mazes and screensavers alike. It is an ideal choice for any computer user looking for a highly configurable and visually impressive screensaver that fits their unique needs. The 3D Maze ScreenSaver is entirely customizable thanks to its open architecture. This flexibility allows users to create their own designs, choosing between a 3D maze set in a spaceship, a royal palace, an Egyptian pyramid, or other possibilities. The software accepts BMP files, and the possibilities are endless. It allows you to import your own graphics to the maze, thus making it even more customizable. One of the most remarkable features of the software is its flexibility. The developer has gone to great lengths to meet the unique needs of sophisticated users, making the 3D Maze ScreenSaver stand out. After the simulation of the maze, the software displays a drawing of the maze with the path of the solution. With an almost infinite number of variations available, the software is sure to inspire creativity in users. The software then simulates a 3D walkthrough of the solution for the user. Upon every startup, the customizable screensaver generates a brand-new 3D maze and determines its solution using an efficient algorithm. This software offers various features, ranging from customizable graphics to an open architecture that allows for complete transformation by the user. This is set by the Control Type dropdown on the Player object in the scene.The 3D Maze ScreenSaver is a remarkable software that will amaze even the most experienced screensaver enthusiasts. Select a Windows 3D screensaver or PC game below and click the Download button to start the free download for your Windows 10/11/7/8/Xp/Vista PC. The modern control option is a free roam with mouse control. Windows 3D Screensaver Free Download Our free downloads of Windows screensavers and 3D games are free of spyware, adware, viruses and other malware. This allows you to travel the maze in a grid like fashion (like the old Eye of the Beholder games) moving square by square. Player control, by default, is set to the original control. Pressing ESC will exit the game (if running the executable) or stop playing in the editor. The Player Input setup uses the default so movement is controlled via the Horizontal and Vertical inputs with the Run key bound to Fire2 (which by default is Left Shift or the Right Mouse Button). The project uses standard Unity files and assets.
The plaza’s wide porch and steps invite people to sit, eat lunch, watch the water or listen to concerts in front of the GM Renaissance Center. On especially balmy days, there’s a good chance you’ll spot toddlers running back and forth through a fountain that bubbles water up from the pavement at the GM Plaza. Maybe you’ll pass by a sprinkling of hopefuls casting a line over the railings, anticipating hooking into the fish varieties known to traverse the Detroit River. You’ll see people sitting in brightly colored lounge chairs dotting the green grasses, reading and relaxing. On any given day, regardless of the temperature, you will likely find cyclists pedaling while others leisurely stroll along the wide, neat paths that run between well-manicured lawns. Everything to Do on the Detroit Riverfrontīicycling on the riverfront – photo by Bill Bowen Riverside RetreatĪbout 3 million people visit the city’s riverfront annually. Located less than a mile into The Cut near the pathway’s Eastern Market entrance, the Freight Yard officially opens this spring, adding one more entertainment plot point connected to the already popular Detroit river. The yard, designed and created by students from Lawrence Technological University and Western International High School, is a two-story structure that will house varying local entrepreneurs, artists and activities. The containers resemble freight train cars. It was also the first practice run for the new Dequindre Cut Freight Yard, an open-face building made from a collection of connected shipping containers. It was Harvest Fest Day, an annual autumn event that attracts thousands to the area with hayrides, bounce houses and face painting for the kids. Located just east of downtown Detroit, this gritty, artistic and attractive greenway is quickly becoming one of the region’s most popular places to walk, bike and run.Īfter one morning ride last fall, the metro Detroit couple made their way back along The Cut, as it’s commonly called, to check out something special. You’ll often find them with a bunch of other cyclists along the Dequindre Cut, a two-mile paved pathway below ground level that was once a forgotten railroad track. Many of the city’s go-to gathering spots for entertainment, eats and recreation have connections to the bustling banks of the Detroit River.ĭavid Pernick and Deb Usteski like to bike. And more than that, there’s not a good standard for what a warrior’s skeleton should look like. You could look for how muscle use alters the skeleton, like how a smith uses one arm more than the other, but you don’t see that in all cases. What are we then looking for? You could look for sharp-force trauma, but interestingly, there are not that many graves showing sharp-force trauma in the Viking Age, despite the fact that we know it was quite a violent time. But also, to my mind, there’s no study that actually states, “These are the types of skeletal signals that indicate a warrior.” Q: Can more testing reveal whether she ever fought in battle?Ī: We could actively look for those kinds of things, but realize the skeleton is 1000 years old, it’s brittle, it’s incomplete, and you have to be careful when you handle it. But in circumstances where, let’s say, you were from a high-status family and you had the personal attributes and strength and character suitable to the role, there could be exceptions to the norm. Entering that sphere as an active warrior would normally have been closed to women. In the Viking world, the sphere of the warrior was the ideal. With that said, it was also complex, just like modern society is complex, and there are always exceptions-exceptional people or exceptional situations where people go outside the norm. It was very hierarchical and it was probably patriarchal, as well. Q: How would a Viking woman end up as a warrior?Ī: Viking Age society was not an equal society. The way she was buried points to her belonging to a high level of society. The people buried in them are generally thought to be cosmopolitans. This woman was buried in what was called a chamber grave, which is more elaborate, filled with meaningful items from the person’s life. But in these Viking towns, when they did bury people, they tended to bury them in coffins, or they could just be put in the ground. In other words, she may not have been a warrior, but she was held in similar esteem and so was given a warrior’s burial.Ī: The predominant way of burying people during the Viking Age was cremation. So one interpretation is that she did have this role while she was living, but another interpretation would be that she symbolizes a role she didn’t have, which would also be interesting and unique. They made a lot of effort in portraying her in this way. She’s not wearing a dress, which would have been typical for a buried female. Q: What are other possible interpretations?Ī: There are no female objects within the grave. The only thing that has changed is our knowledge that it’s a woman and not a man. Nobody has made that comment before they knew the bones were from a woman. What does a grave represent? Asking whether the person buried ever fought in battle is a relevant question, but this has been known as a warrior grave since the 1880s and nobody has questioned it before. Q: Is it sexist to question whether this woman was actually a warrior in life, rather than someone just buried like one?Ī: Well, that’s the key question: How do we interpret a grave? That’s something we always face in archaeology. This interview has been edited for clarity and brevity. Science spoke with the team’s lead author, archaeologist Charlotte Hedenstierna-Jonson of Uppsala University in Sweden, about what archaeologists can infer about the Viking woman in question, and the double standards that crop up when female remains defy historical stereotypes. Yet some Viking scholars have expressed doubt about whether the woman was actually a Valkyrie-like, battle-hardened fighter, or whether she had just been buried with a warrior’s accoutrement. Last week, archaeologists reported that a Viking buried with a sword, ax, spear, and two shields-first discovered in the 1880s and long thought to be a man- was, in fact, a woman, making her the first known high-ranking female Viking warrior. The BlueHDi diesel will most likely be dropped from the lineup, but the turbocharged 1.0-liter thee-cylinder engine that is available in petrol and LPG forms is expected to be carried over as the cheapest option. The Captur is already offered in self-charging hybrid and plug-in hybrid forms which could gain larger batteries and further improve their efficiency. In terms of the powertrain lineup, it is safe to assume that Renault will bet on a heavily electrified mix. Finally, the rear end could be largely carried over with minimal changes on the trim and taillight graphics, since it still looks quite modern. Designers could freshen up the profile with new options for the alloy wheels and possibly by removing some of the chrome accents that have gone out of fashion lately. This means it will get thinner full-LED headlights, triangular bumper intakes, and a new grille bearing Renault’s updated emblem. Read: 2024 Renault Scenic E-Tech Coming To Reclaim The Practicality Crown Our rendering for the facelifted Renault Captur borrows design cues from the larger Renault Austral.įrench media report that the design of the 2023 Captur will be inspired by the Vision Scenic concept and the Austral. While we have yet to see camouflaged prototypes of the updated Captur, visual changes will likely be focused on the front end as this is the only part that doesn’t correlate with Renault’s evolved design language. The current, second generation of the Renault Captur was introduced in 2019, so the facelifted version is expected to debut in late 2023. We gathered all the information we could find for the updated Renault Captur range alongside an exclusive rendering by our associates, so you can get an early preview of the model. Renault is getting ready to update its SUV range with the facelifted Captur and a heavily rumored longer variant of the popular model that could bridge the gap with the larger Austral. Fixed an issue that caused irregular conflicts when using Teamwork.(macOS) Fixed an issue where checkboxes in the Convert to lines and tones dialog would sometimes not respond.After recording an operation to create a new canvas with a template set in an Auto Action, if the Auto Action was used on a different OS than the one where it was recorded, it would sometimes not work correctly.(iPad) Fixed an issue where the drawing result of the end of a line may be incorrect when Show Effects when using Pencil is turned on in the OS settings.(iPad) Fixed an issue where the “Getting Started” dialog could not be closed on iPad Mini.(iPad) Fixed an issue where unintended lines may be drawn if using the single swipe gesture while double-tapping the canvas with the pen.(Windows / macOS / iPad / Galaxy / Android / Chromebook) Fixed an issue on non-smartphone devices where if Quality is not displayed in the JPEG export settings dialog, the Preview rendering results when exporting settings would not be used.Fixed an issue where scrolling or rotating the canvas would become sluggish after switching to another tool while an object is selected with the Object sub tool.In the text copied with the Version information dialog > Copy Diagnostics, the Settings Path folder was incorrect. Fixed an issue where 3D layers would not be compatible with other versions even when saved in compatibility mode in Clip Studio Paint.In the text copied with the Version information dialog > Copy Diagnostics, text related to the license information has been changed.The following features have been improved. Easter bunnies turned edible in 1800s Germany when they were first made of pastry and sugar.Īnimal rights activists have protested against the ritual of coloring chicks by infusing dye into the embryo before it hatches. It wouldn't be Easter if we didn't eat candy animals. Either way, the kids always look forward to his arrival, and decorating eggs, consuming candy, and community Easter egg hunts have become a huge part of the evolved Easter holiday. Before giving colored eggs found its way into the modern Christian tradition, early Mesopotamian Christians dyed eggs red to symbolize the blood shed by Christ during his crucifixion.Īn "Easter egg," as it relates to hidden symbols or messages planted in a pop culture medium by its creator, was first coined by the Atari programmer Warren Robinett, who designed a secret room in the 1979 video game, Adventure. The origins of the concept of the Easter bunny have been disputed, but many agree that it started in Germany. Cracking open the eggĮgg decorating is at least a 60,000-year-old activity, practiced by the likes of Egyptians, Persians, Greeks and Kalahari Bushmen, who engraved ostrich eggs. What springtime animals better represent fertility than the rabbit or the hare, which produce so many offspring The rabbit symbolism had its origin in pre-Christian fertility lore, while the hare was the Egyptian symbol of fertility. As many Southwestern German immigrants settled in America, the Easter Bunny lived on in Pennsylvania Dutch tales of the Bunny as the "Oschter Haws," where Germantown, Pa., children were gifted with eggs in their Easter bonnets that, today, are replaced by Easter baskets. One idea of the Easter Bunnys origins goes back to the 18th century when the Easter Bunny was thought to have been first introduced in the Pennsylvania Dutch. Easter comes during spring and celebrates new life. Legends featuring bunny imagery associated to Easter continued to be written down in 1500s Germany and the first story about a rabbit hiding eggs in a garden was published in 1680. Its believed the story of the Easter Bunny, or at least his precursor, was brought to America with the first German immigrants, who arrived in Pennsylvania in the 1700s. The story of the Easter Bunny is connected to Pagan tradition, and is thought to have become common in the 19th Century. poor weight gain and/or undernutrition.gastrointestinal complications, such as motility disorders, constipation, and diarrhea.aspiration pneumonia and/or compromised pulmonary status.The long-term consequences of feeding and swallowing disorders can include Swallowing Disordersĭysphagia can occur in one or more of the four phases of swallowing and can result in aspiration-the passage of food, liquid, or saliva into the trachea-and retrograde flow of food into the nasal cavity. ARFID and PFD may exist separately or concurrently. Additionally, the definition of ARFID considers nutritional deficiency, whereas PFD does not (Goday et al., 2019). ARFID is distinct from PFD in that ARFID does not include children whose primary challenge is a skill deficit (e.g., dysphagia) and requires that the severity of the eating difficulty exceeds the severity usually associated with a certain condition (e.g., Down syndrome). SLPs may screen or make referrals for ARFID but do not diagnose this disorder.
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